Certificate In Psychology (CPSY) Practice Exam

A newborn's temperamental qualities include which of the following characteristics?

1. Visual acuity and developmental reflexes

2. Assimilation and accommodation

3. Activity level, intensity of reactions, and sociability

4. Classical and operant conditioning

The correct answer is: Activity level, intensity of reactions, and sociability

The correct choice highlights the inherent temperamental qualities observed in newborns, which are reflective of their individual differences in behavior and emotional responses. Temperament refers to the biologically based individual differences in emotional reactivity and self-regulation that are evident soon after birth. Activity level refers to the amount of physical movement a newborn exhibits, which can vary significantly among infants. Intensity of reactions pertains to how vigorously an infant responds to stimuli, whether in terms of joy, distress, or frustration. Sociability indicates how likely a newborn is to seek out and engage with caregivers and other individuals. These characteristics together create a nuanced picture of a newborn's temperament, influencing how they interact with their environment and those around them. The other choices focus on different areas related to infancy and development but do not specifically relate to temperament. For instance, visual acuity and developmental reflexes pertain to sensory and physical capabilities rather than temperament traits. Assimilation and accommodation are concepts related to cognitive development, particularly in the context of how children adapt to new information. Lastly, classical and operant conditioning are learning processes that explain how behaviors are acquired or modified based on experiences, which is distinct from innate temperament. Thus, the option highlighting activity level, intensity of reactions, and sociability