Certificate In Psychology (CPSY) Practice Exam

The only way to determine whether a particular factor causes an event or a behavior is to:

1. Conduct an experiment

2. Tailor study techniques to the individual subject

3. Determine if the event is correlated with environmental factors

4. Observe subjects in a naturalistic setting

The correct answer is: Conduct an experiment

To determine whether a particular factor causes an event or behavior, conducting an experiment is the most rigorous method available. Experiments are designed to isolate variables and manipulate one or more factors while controlling for others, allowing researchers to observe the direct effects of the manipulated factors on the outcomes. By randomly assigning subjects to different conditions, researchers can establish causation rather than mere correlation. This experimental control helps eliminate confounding variables that might influence the results, making it clear whether the factor in question is truly responsible for the event or behavior observed. Other methods, such as correlational studies or observational techniques, can provide valuable insights but are inherently limited in establishing causation. Correlation can indicate a relationship between two variables but does not prove that one variable causes changes in another. Naturalistic observation allows for the study of behaviors in real-world settings but does not allow for manipulation of variables, which limits the ability to draw causal conclusions. Tailoring study techniques to individual subjects may enhance the effectiveness of research techniques but does not address the fundamental need for experimental control to establish causation.