Certificate In Psychology (CPSY) Practice Exam

What is a common problem associated with cross-sectional research studies?

1. They require long-term time commitments.

2. Age-related changes may be mistaken for social changes.

3. Subjects are likely to drop out.

4. Subjects become accustomed to testing procedures.

The correct answer is: Age-related changes may be mistaken for social changes.

The choice highlighting that age-related changes may be mistaken for social changes accurately captures a significant challenge in cross-sectional research studies. This type of research design examines different groups of individuals at one point in time, which makes it difficult to differentiate whether observed differences in behavior or attitudes are a result of the aging process or due to varying social contexts in which different age groups develop. In cross-sectional studies, the sample represents various ages but does not track changes over time. Thus, factors like historical events, cultural shifts, and societal influences can all contribute to differences observed between age groups. This makes it challenging to conclude whether findings reflect true developmental changes or are merely reflective of the different social environments that individuals from different age cohorts were exposed to throughout their lives. This concern is particularly relevant in developmental psychology, where researchers aim to isolate and understand the effects of age. Other types of research designs, such as longitudinal studies, allow for tracking the same individuals across various stages of life, thus providing clearer insights into the impact of aging separate from social influences. The other options reflect aspects of research design that do not specifically pertain to the challenges faced in cross-sectional designs and therefore do not address the core issue highlighted in the chosen correct answer.