Certificate In Psychology (CPSY) Practice Exam

Which approach focuses on the influence of culture and social interactions in cognitive development?

1. Behaviorism

2. Cognitive Development Theory

3. Constructivism

4. Sociocultural Theory

The correct answer is: Sociocultural Theory

The focus of the correct answer emphasizes the significant role that culture and social interactions play in cognitive development. Sociocultural Theory, pioneered by Lev Vygotsky, posits that cognitive abilities are shaped through social experiences and the cultural context in which an individual develops. Central to this theory is the concept of the Zone of Proximal Development, which highlights how learning occurs with the help of social interactions, particularly through more knowledgeable others, such as peers or teachers. This approach prioritizes the impact of cultural tools and practices in shaping how individuals think and learn, illustrating that cognitive development cannot be separated from cultural influences. Behaviorism, while influential in understanding learning, focuses primarily on observable behaviors and external stimuli, neglecting the internal cognitive processes and the influence of social and cultural contexts. Cognitive Development Theory, commonly associated with Jean Piaget, concentrates on stages of individual cognitive development rather than the sociocultural factors involved. Constructivism acknowledges the role of social interactions but does not specifically highlight the cultural context as profoundly as Sociocultural Theory does, making the latter the most fitting choice for demonstrating the influence of culture and social interactions on cognitive development.